MySQL:

CHARSET

Syntax:
CHARSET(str)

Returns the character set of the string argument.

URL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/information-functions.html

mysql> SELECT CHARSET('abc');
-> 'utf8'
mysql> SELECT CHARSET(CONVERT('abc' USING latin1));
-> 'latin1'
mysql> SELECT CHARSET(USER());
-> 'utf8'

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