MySQL:

JSON_CONTAINS_PATH

Syntax:
JSON_CONTAINS_PATH(json_doc, one_or_all, path[, path] ...)

Returns 0 or 1 to indicate whether a JSON document contains data at a
given path or paths. Returns NULL if any argument is NULL. An error
occurs if the json_doc argument is not a valid JSON document, any path
argument is not a valid path expression, or one_or_all is not 'one' or
'all'.

To check for a specific value at a path, use JSON_CONTAINS() instead.

The return value is 0 if no specified path exists within the document.
Otherwise, the return value depends on the one_or_all argument:

o 'one': 1 if at least one path exists within the document, 0
otherwise.

o 'all': 1 if all paths exist within the document, 0 otherwise.

URL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/json-search-functions.html

Example

mysql> SET @j = '{"a": 1, "b": 2, "c": {"d": 4}}';
mysql> SELECT JSON_CONTAINS_PATH(@j, 'one', '$.a', '$.e');
+---------------------------------------------+
| JSON_CONTAINS_PATH(@j, 'one', '$.a', '$.e') |
+---------------------------------------------+
| 1 |
+---------------------------------------------+
mysql> SELECT JSON_CONTAINS_PATH(@j, 'all', '$.a', '$.e');
+---------------------------------------------+
| JSON_CONTAINS_PATH(@j, 'all', '$.a', '$.e') |
+---------------------------------------------+
| 0 |
+---------------------------------------------+
mysql> SELECT JSON_CONTAINS_PATH(@j, 'one', '$.c.d');
+----------------------------------------+
| JSON_CONTAINS_PATH(@j, 'one', '$.c.d') |
+----------------------------------------+
| 1 |
+----------------------------------------+
mysql> SELECT JSON_CONTAINS_PATH(@j, 'one', '$.a.d');
+----------------------------------------+
| JSON_CONTAINS_PATH(@j, 'one', '$.a.d') |
+----------------------------------------+
| 0 |
+----------------------------------------+